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怀孕期间的恶心和呕吐可能不仅是孕吐
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怀孕期间的恶心和呕吐可能不仅是孕吐

怀孕期间的恶心和呕吐可能不仅是孕吐
文章

怀孕期间的恶心和呕吐可能不仅是孕吐

学分:Marjon Besteman/ Pixabay
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孕吐在怀孕中很常见,多达80%的孕妇在某个时候经历了这种症状,但是,如果恶心和疾病过多,并且伴随着无法保持食物的疾病,那么您可能不会经历孕吐。


Hyperemesis pravidarum(HG)是这种罕见情况的医疗名称,南加州大学研究员Marlena Fejzo, PhD亲身经历了它,因此悲惨地流产。Fejzo是一个团队的一部分,该团队在一个名为“称为”的基因变体之间建立了第一个联系GDF15和HG,并正在努力引起人们对疾病的关注,并改善可用的诊断和治疗选择。


捷克葡萄牙直播had the pleasure of speaking withfejzoto find out more about what women with HG currently face, the finding that HG may have a genetic cause and the possible future outcomes of this research.


凯特·罗宾逊(KR): Can you tell us about your experience with HG and why research such as yours is so important?


Marlena Fejzo(MF):I had HG and was treated with 7 different medications, but nothing worked, and I couldn’t move without vomiting or keep anything down for 10 weeks. Every waking moment I had to lay completely still with extreme nausea. It was torture and ultimately, I was given total parenteral nutrition, but it was too late, and I lost the baby at 15 weeks’ gestation.


从那以后,我一直在研究HG来尝试找到答案,因此人们不必经历我的工作。已经有20多年了,母亲及其婴儿仍在美国和世界各地遭受痛苦甚至死亡。此外,我和其他人现在已经表明,“婴儿从妈妈那里得到一切都需要的一切”是错误的。一种recent studyfound HG is associated with the highest risk (5-fold) of having a baby born small for gestational age – this is higher than exposure to cannabis, chronic hypertension, pre-gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, autoimmune disease, cocaine use, amphetamine use and tobacco use in pregnancy. HG is also associated with an increased risk for preterm birth, neurodevelopmental delay and autism spectrum disorder. Of note, HG has recently been shown to be associated with structural abnormalities of the brain. Adverse outcomes are not only limited to the offspring; mothers are at increased risk of suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress and an array of long-term physical and social issues likely due to severe prolonged illness. Attention to this disease and progress are imperative.


KR:目前如何诊断HG,并且有任何治疗方案可用于该疾病吗?


MF:汞通常被诊断为严重的恶心和/或呕吐,从16周胎龄开始,伴随着无法正常进食和/或饮酒,并且无法进行日常活动。它通常导致营养不良,脱水和体重减轻。治疗包括补液和处方抗神经药。但是目前的药物工作不够好 - 大多数患者在尝试后两周内不会增加任何体重。重要的是,应服用无法耐受维生素并且无法正确食用的患者应服用硫胺素,以避免hg的罕见但严重的并发症,Wernicke的脑病(硫胺素缺乏症造成的脑损伤)。患者和提供者还需要资源和支持,其中许多可以在她的基金会网站上找到www.hyperemesis.org.


KR:您能否与我们联系,您如何发现这种变体和突变GDF15基因与HG相关?


MF:在我们的学习我们与一家个人遗传学公司合作于2018年出版,并进行了全基因组协会研究,比较了1,306例HG和15,756个对照的常见遗传变异。最大的差异是在围绕一个编码恶心和呕吐激素的基因周围的变体中发现的。GDF15.


最近,我们对单独的研究参与者进行了第二种称为全异位测序的遗传技术,比较了926 Hg病例和660个未受影响的对照之间基因内的常见和稀有变体。在这一点学习,唯一在受影响和未受影响的个体之间显着不同的基因是GDF15. In addition, the only gene with a rare mutation in 10 or more people affected by HG was inGDF15. GDF15 is produced at high levels by the placenta in pregnancy and patients hospitalized with HG have significantly higher levels than pregnant patients with normal or no nausea and vomiting. This provides very strong evidence thatGDF15is involved in the etiology of HG. While other factors may contribute, I would argue that there is now stronger evidence forGDF15causing HG than any other theory at this time.


KR:您的发现对HG的人有什么影响?


MF:患者经常被解雇或被告知他们夸大了症状,导致治疗和怀孕妊娠的不足。这项研究的直接好处是,它为临床医生和患者提供了基于证据的HG的原因,该原因验证了该疾病,并希望迫使提供者和家人更加认真地对待它。从长远来看,它为科学家和制药公司提供了一种新颖的途径,以追求预测,诊断和治疗。重要的是,针对GDF15途径的药物在改善动物模型的食欲和体重增加方面非常有效,并且已经在癌症患者的临床试验中。如果安全,这些新药物可能会使HG患者受益,从而导致更健康的母亲和婴儿。


KR:本研究的优势和局限性将如何指导未来的HG研究?


MF:未来的研究应集中在GDF15途径上,而不是继续浪费过时的理论,例如妊娠激素人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)或心理因素。此外,我们最近的研究包括非洲患者,混合美国和东亚祖先的子集,并提供了初步证据表明结果可能是可以推广的,但是需要在这些人群中进行大量研究来证明这一点。还有很多事情要做,以了解GDF15途径如何在怀孕中起作用以及可能涉及哪些其他因素。希望获得的知识可用于开发用于预测,诊断和更有效治疗的工具。


Marlena Fejzo博士正在与技术网络编辑助理凯特·罗宾逊(Kate Robinson)交谈。捷克葡萄牙直播

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凯特·罗宾逊
凯特·罗宾逊
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